Notes
Unanswered Questions
1. Nina Spröber, Thekla Schneider, Miriam Rassenhofer, Hubert Liebhardt, and Jörg M Fegert, “Child Sexual Abuse in Religiously Affiliated and Secular Institutions: A Retrospective Descriptive Analysis of Data Provided by Victims in a Government-Sponsored Reappraisal Program in Germany,” BMC Public Health 14, no. 282 (2014): 4, https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-282.
2. Stephanie D. Block and Linda M. Williams, “The Prosecution of Child Sexual Abuse: A Partnership to Improve Outcomes,” Final Technical Report, NCJRS #252768 (Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, 2019), https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij /grants/252768.pdf.
3. Melissa S. Morabito, Linda M. Williams, and April Pattavina, “Decision Making in Sexual Assault Cases: Replication Research on Sexual Violence Case Attrition in the U.S.,” Final Technical Report, NCJRS #252689 (Washington, DC: US Department of Justice, 2019), https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/252689 .pdf.
5. Melissa Farley, Jacqueline M. Golding, Emily S. Matthews, Neil M. Malamuth, and Laura Jarrett, “Comparing Sex Buyers with Men Who Do Not Buy Sex: New Data on Prostitution and Trafficking,” Journal of Interpersonal Violence 32, no. 23 (2017): 3611, https:// doi.org/10.1177/0886260515600874.
6. John McLaren, “Recalculating the Wages of Sin: The Social and Legal Construction of Prostitution, 1850–1920,” Manitoba Law Journal 23 (1995): 526, https://canlii.ca/t/sgd8.
7. Kate Price and Keith Gunnar Bentele, “Defining Worthy Victims: Socioeconomic Factors Associated with State-Level Legislative Decisions to Prevent the Criminalization of Sexually Exploited Children in the United States,” Victims & Offenders 18, no. 3 (2023): 513, https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2022.2153956.
8. Gail Dines, “Porn and Trafficking: Making the Connections,” YouTube, October 8, 2020, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5 _naSNGw974.
9. Michael Salter and Tim Wong, “Parental Production of Child Sexual Abuse Material: A Critical View,” Trauma, Violence, & Abuse (2023): 7, https://doi.org/10.1177/15248380231195891.
10. Ibid., 6.
11. Ibid., 8.
12. Joan A. Reid, Juliana Huard, and Rachael A. Haskell, “Family-
Facilitated Juvenile Sex Trafficking,” Journal of Crime and Justice 38, no. 3 (2015): 366, https://doi.org/10.1080/0735648X .2014.967965.
13. N. Nicole White, Katherine Robichaux, Ashley Huang, and Claire Luo, “When Families Become Perpetrators: A Case Series on Familial Trafficking,”
Journal of Family Violence 39 (2024): 436, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-023-00522-w.
4. Catherine MacKinnon, Towards a Feminist Theory of the State (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1989), 179.
14. Heather J. Clawson, Nicole Dutch, Amy Salomon, and Lisa Goldblatt Grace, “Human Trafficking Into and Within the United States: A Review of the Literature” (Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services, 2009): 8, https://aspe.hhs.gov/reports /human-trafficking-within-united-states-review-literature-0.
15. Andrea Nichols, Melissa Oberstaedt, Sarah Slutsker, and Kourtney Gilbert, “Practitioners’ Perspectives of Family Involved Sex Trafficking of Minors: Implications for Practice,” Journal of Family Violence 39 (2024), https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-023-00644-1.
16. R. Michael Cassidy, “Character, Credibility, and Rape Shield Rules,” Georgetown Journal of Law & Public Policy 19, no. 1 (2021): 148, https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/480299608.pdf.
17. Rebecca Pfeffer, Pablo Ormachea, and David Eagleman, “Gendered Outcomes in Prostitution Arrests in Houston, Texas,” Crime & Delinquency 64, no. 12 (2017): 1544, https://doi.org/10.1177/0011 128717748576.
18. Karin Ahbel-Rappe, “I No Longer Believe: Did Freud Abandon the Seduction Theory?” Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 54, no. 1 (2006): 171–99, https://doi.org/10.1177/0003 0651060540010101.
19. Elisabeth Young-Bruehl, Childism: Confronting Prejudice Against Children (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2012), 3.
20. T. Jeremy Gunn, “The Religious Right and the Opposition to the U.S. Ratification of the Convention on the Rights of the Child,” Emory International Law Review 20 (2006): 111.
21. Young-Bruehl, Childism, 147.
22. Elizabeth S. Scott and Laurence Steinberg, Rethinking Juvenile
Justice (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2008), 246–47.
23. Ibid., 12, 266.
24. Michelle Alexander, The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness (New York: New Press, 2010), 97.
25. “Expansions to Child Tax Credit Contributed to 46% Decline in Child Poverty Since 2020,” United States Census Bureau, Updated September 13, 2022, https://www.census.gov/library/stories/2022 /09/record-drop-in-child-poverty.html.
26. “Child Tax Credit Overview,” National Conference of State Legislatures, Updated January 26, 2024, https://www.ncsl.org/human -services/child-tax-credit-overview#:~:text=The%20expanded%20 child%20tax%20credit,housing%20and%20other%20basic%20 needs.
27. Clawson et al., “Human Trafficking,” 7.
28. Jennifer Cole and Ginny Sprang, “Sex Trafficking of Minors in
Metropolitan, Micropolitan, and Rural Communities,” Child Abuse & Neglect 40 (2015): 5–6, https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu .2014.07.015.
29. Layli Maparyan, The Womanist Idea (New York: Routledge, 2012), 70.
